When in Lima
Lima may not be the most glamorous of cities at first glance, but its hidden gems ensure that the seasoned or determined traveller can get the most from their trip.
Situated in the middle of Peru's desert coastline, Lima is one of the country's economic and industrial centres. If you're heading for sun and sand, you're definitely headed in the right direction, as the temperatures vary little throughout the seasons. Because it is on the coast, this can lead to rather misty conditions; perfect for the keen photographer, but sticky after a while.
Lima was originally an agricultural centre and is host to a panorama of fertile valleys. Settlements which grew up and were destroyed are now the source of historical interest, with temple complexes preserving the memory of pilgrims and worshippers dating back to the Inca and beyond.
Francisco Pizarro is said to have founded the city on Epiphany, January 6th, in 1535. This has led to adoption of the title City of Kings, a commonly used term of affection.
Other historical events which have added to the city's global position were the opening of the University of San Marcos in 1551, which was the first place of higher education in the New World. When a railway was opened between Lima and Callao in 1821, its importance for the entire continent of South America was established.
In recent times, Lima has been troubled by rapid population expansion. Urbanisation and industrialisation in the first half of the 20th century led to strain on the city's infrastructure and a draining of wealth and resources from nearby rural areas.
These problems remain, with many residents living in poverty amid widespread unemployment. Political instability has inevitably followed, until a state of emergency was declared in 2003.
With such an imposing history and troubled present, it is little wonder that many of the city's diamonds remain rough and infrequently explored. It is therefore the perfect expedition for the traveller seeking adventure.
Don't miss out on La Catedral, or the Cathedral, which was originally constructed in 1555. This central landmark has suffered earthquake damage twice in its history, although many original features remain. Among other artefacts, the coffin and remains of Pizarro are situated here.
The Pachacamac is the city's main archaeological place of interest. Made up of palaces and temple-pyramids, it was a site of primary religious importance for the Andes' indigenous population. Dating back to 1000 years pre-Inca, this complex's history and prominence can be seen clearly in the museum on site, which will give those interested in architecture and archaeology many hours of fascination.
Despite the slightly smoggy atmosphere and ongoing risk of earthquakes, a visit to Lima is essential for travellers looking to experience raw South America in all its diversity, chaos and passion. The nightlife is vibrant and the Peruvians are beautiful ? but don't advertise your valuables as you wander around.
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Introduction
